SPSU photovoltaic (PV) Solar Converter Step-up Transformer
Difficulty in procuring non renewable fossil fuel, fluctuating global prices and growing environmental consciousness is pushing a growing number of industries in the United States to explore the profitability of alternate energy like wind and solar.
Thankfully, the US gets solar energy in abundance and an increasing number of industries are waking up to its advantage. Recently, the country too has taken affirmative steps towards harnessing solar energy. The United States has many utility-scale solar power plants, the largest installation in the world being the Solar Energy Generating Systems facility, located in California. There are other solar power plants of varying sizes scattered over the country such as in Nevada, Florida and south-eastern California.
In the Solar Energy Industries Association's "2008 U.S. Solar Industry Year in Review" it was noted that U.S. solar energy capacity increased by 17% in 2007, reaching the total equivalent of 8,775 megawatts (MW).
In 2008, the Department of Energy (DOE) announced its decision to invest .6 million, in early-stage photovoltaic (PV) projects. More recent reports from the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) and GTM Research show solar installations in 2010 are up more than 100% over 2009, and it's looking to be a very real possibility that when accounting for both solar electric and solar thermal installations, the industry could surpass the 1 GW mark for annual installations in 2010.
While these are extremely positive signs that push towards greater reliability and affordability of solar energy, work is still on to increase technological advancement.
In the area of power infrastructure, namely in the area of production and distribution of solar energy, it is energy transformers that play a critical role. Thus far energy transformers were built to step up or step down energy from non renewable sources, however transmitting and distributing energy from renewable sources like the sun come with their own challenges to energy transformers.
The differentiation in a solar energy transformer comes in areas like
Loading - solar power facilities experience a steady state loading when inverters are operating. When the sun comes out, there is a dampened reaction process and loading on the transformer is more constant.
Frequently Asked Questions
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QUESTION:
John MC Cain filibustered wind energy in 2007, how can he now say he will support it?
2007: McCain Opposed Legislation Extending The Renewable Energy Production Tax Credit; Recent Study Concluded More than 116,000 Jobs Could be Lost If the Tax Credit is Not Extended. John McCain supported the filibuster of the 2007 energy bill that included an extension of the production tax credit to 2011. While McCain missed the vote to on the bill, according to his staff he did, in fact, support the continuing the filibuster, which eventually killed the bill. In its place, Congress passed another version of the legislation that did not include an extension of the tax credit. A 2008 economic study by Navigant Consulting found that "over 116,000 U.S. jobs and nearly billion in U.S. investment could be lost in just one year if renewable energy tax credits are not renewed by Congress… The study concluded that over 76,000 jobs are put at risk in the wind industry, and approximately 40,000 jobs in the solar industry." [HR 6, Vote 425, 12/13/07; Forbes, 12/13/07; U.S. News & World Report, 12/14/07; American Wind Energy Association and the Solar Energy Industries Association press release, 2/4/08] Are any as concerned as I am over this seeming contradiction? Why are you -- Why not?-
ANSWER:
You, like most of the country, only look at the headlines. Have you read any part of HP6? There was loads of R&D money earmarked in it, some good and some bad (aka pork). Most notably there was no provision for opening up domestic oil drilling, something the Republicans were trying to get. Filibusters are ways to force compromise, not just to kill legislation.Tax credits are ok to a certain extent, but if an industry so desperately needs one to survive, perhaps it is not time for that industry to exist. The tax credits headline was the only one the average person would even notice, so that's what the media used.
Open your eyes people, and do your own research. Stop taking everthing you see in the news at face value.
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QUESTION:
Do we have the Cheney oil-centric energy policy to thank for this?
January 31, 2010**China Leading Global Race to Make Clean Energy**
By KEITH BRADSHER
TIANJIN, China — China vaulted past competitors in Denmark, Germany, Spain and the United States last year to become the world’s largest maker of wind turbines, and is poised to expand even further this year.China has also leapfrogged the West in the last two years to emerge as the world’s largest manufacturer of solar panels. And the country is pushing equally hard to build nuclear reactors and the most efficient types of coal power plants.
These efforts to dominate the global manufacture of renewable energy technologies raise the prospect that the West may someday trade its dependence on oil from the Mideast for a reliance on solar panels, wind turbines and other gear manufactured in China.
“Most of the energy equipment will carry a brass plate, ‘Made in China,’ ” said K. K. Chan, the chief executive of Nature Elements Capital, a private equity fund in Beijing that focuses on renewable energy.
President Obama, in his State of the Union speech last week, sounded an alarm that the United States was falling behind other countries, especially China, on energy. “I do not accept a future where the jobs and industries of tomorrow take root beyond our borders — and I know you don’t either,” he told Congress.
The United States and other countries are offering incentives to develop their own renewable energy industries, and Mr. Obama called for redoubling American efforts. Yet many Western and Chinese executives expect China to prevail in the energy-technology race.
Multinational corporations are responding to the rapid growth of China’s market by building big, state-of-the-art factories in China. Vestas of Denmark has just erected the world’s biggest wind turbine manufacturing complex here in northeastern China, and transferred the technology to build the latest electronic controls and generators.
“You have to move fast with the market,” said Jens Tommerup, the president of Vestas China. “Nobody has ever seen such fast development in a wind market.”
Renewable energy industries here are adding jobs rapidly, reaching 1.12 million in 2008 and climbing by 100,000 a year, according to the government-backed Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association.
Yet renewable energy may be doing more for China’s economy than for the environment. Total power generation in China is on track to pass the United States in 2012 — and most of the added capacity will still be from coal.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/business/energy-environment/31renew.html?ref=world&pagewanted=print
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ANSWER:
Nope but libs, no matter the truth will find someone to blame!!!
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QUESTION:
Are these IPCC references peer-reviewed?
As you know, the IPCC's own rules state that it should only use and refer to credible, peer-reviewed scientific studies, as stated in it's mandate: [quote]""The IPCC mandate is to assess, on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis, the available scientific information in peer-reviewed literature.""
However, the following references given by the IPCC do not appear to be from peer-reviewed scientific studies. If anyone can point out where the have been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal (with links if poss.) i would be grateful.
From the references of the IPCC AR4 WGII: mitigation of climate change, available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch10s10-references.html
Bhadra, B., 2002: Regional cooperation for sustainable development of Hindu Kush Himalaya region: opportunities and challenges. Paper presented at the Alpine Experience – An Approach for other Mountain Regions, Berchtesgaden.
( i can find a reference to this on Springerlink, but it's to a book, not a scientific journal)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Allianz and World Wildlife Fund, 2006: Climate change and the financial sector: an agenda for action, 59 pp. [Accessed 03.05.07: http://www.wwf.org.uk/ filelibrary/pdf/allianz_rep_0605.pdf]
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Austin, G., A. Williams, G. Morris, R. Spalding-Feche, and R. Worthington, 2003: Employment potential of renewable energy in South Africa. Earthlife Africa, Johannesburg and World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Denmark, November, 104 pp.
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Andrews, S. and R. Udal, 2003: Oil prophets: looking at world oil studies over time. Association for Study of Peak Oil Conference, Paris.
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Aringhoff, R., C. Aubrey, G. Brakmann, and S. Teske, 2003: Solar thermal power 2020, Greenpeace International/European Solar Thermal Power Industry Association, Netherlands
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Austin, G., A. Williams, G. Morris, R. Spalding-Feche, and R. Worthington, 2003: Employment potential of renewable energy in South Africa. Earthlife Africa, Johannesburg and World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Denmark, November, 104 pp
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As you can probably tell, the ones above are just those under 'A' and 'B' in the references index! There are lots more that don't seem to be peer-reviewed science as mandated by the IPCC. Does anyone know which journals they have been published in. Or, if not, why the IPCC has been contravening it's own mandate and relying on non peer-reviewed literature.
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They're not relying on Greenpeace, the WWF and whatever the "Association for Study of Peak Oil" is are they?
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- Andy. That's a good analogy. LOL. Impartial scientific references from Greenpeace and the Association for the Study of Peak Oil. Maybe Earth First will be referenced in there as well.
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EDIT -Umm, Benjamin i'm not referring to that particular debacle (Himalayan glaciers), but to the reports as sampled above.
They have not said anything about using these non-peer-reviewed sources. Yet.
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ANSWER:
Because don't you know that the IPCC can change the rules and that Greenpeace and WWF are both neutral experts now? I mean it is like asking a vegan journal if eating meat is acceptable.
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QUESTION:
How's that Spanish "green economy" working? Why won't it work without TAXPAYER SUBSIDIES!?
June 16 (Bloomberg) -- Spain’s government will cut the revenue of most existing solar-power plants by 30 percent, a move that may bankrupt hundreds of companies that produce electricity using photovoltaic panels, a local trade group said.The industry ministry, after negotiating with trade groups for weeks, plans to reduce the number of hours a day during which they may earn subsidized prices for clean energy, said Tomas Diaz, director of external relations at the Photovoltaic Industry Association in Madrid.
Spain is next on the economic chopping block behind Greece -the massive FAILURE of socialist "economics"... looks like those 'Green jobs" just aren't working quite the way they were promised... Hey, barry!....are you watching?
Remember... Spain's "green power" experiment COST 2.2 jobs for every job that was "created" in green industry... Are their "chickens.... coming home....... to roost"?
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ANSWER:
Are you kidding - did you see algore's new million dollar beach house ??The green scam is very lucrative - at least for the folks on top, like algore and his new honey
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QUESTION:
As UK lays out Green plans later, what should we email/ring to lunchtime radio/TV phone-ins 4 best effect, eh?
E-mail this to a friend Printable versionGreen energy plans to be outlined
The number of wind turbines could be increased under the plans
Proposals on renewable energy aimed at meeting EU climate change targets and securing the UK's future supply are to be unveiled by the government later.
More wind turbines and solar panels are expected to be signalled as ministers aim for 15% renewable power by 2020.
Less than 5% of Britain's electricity currently comes from green sources.
Environmental groups have hailed the strategy but say past promises have not been met and some industry groups have expressed caution over its timetable.
Philip Wolfe, director of the Renewable Energy Association, said: "The key missing factor is a greater sense of urgency.
"We have only 12 years left and government still wants to use two of those talking about it. The industry has a very short space of time in which to meet challenging targets.
"There are still gaps and
See http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsHit 'Have your say'
& make sure you do 'Have your say'
OK?
Email MPs @ http://parliament.uk
Google & emailmeia
Must dash out!
C U@ 3pm @ http://FACT.co.uk - for the inimitable inspiration of theor preview of Prince Caspian @ only £2 - with proof of Benefits
Ciao 4 now!
Jonjo
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7474592.stm
http://newsforums.bbc.co.uk/nol/thread.jspa?forumID=5002&edition=1&ttl=20080626093201
Your fuel: What are you doing to lower your fuel bill?
Record high prices of oil have affected households' budgets in the UK. Are you changing your energy consumption habits?Representatives of energy firms have confirmed that gas and electricity bills could rise by as much as 40% this winter, and petrol prices have gone up to around £1.20 a litre.
Are you walking and cycling more?
Are you driving slowly?
Are you spending some money on low energy light bulbs or energy efficient appliances?
Or are you just more conscious about switching off your lights and computers?
Are you using alternative energy sources like biofuels, solar or wind energy?
We'd like to hear how you're changing your fuel consumption, and your concerns for the future.
As part of a Fuel Day, the BBC will be showing special reports looking at the impact of high fuel prices across the UK
O no..I feel a Hughie Green voice comin on..
& I mean that sincerely, friends...
I really do ..
So then, *1 - U R a judge ..
would you say that a fair translation of your reply would be..
'give em da bird'??
Li'l' ol' joke there, 4 the folks @ home..
& half of 'em need 2 be in a home after watchin my show for 26 yrs!
O no ..I feel a Jim Cash & Carry Green Grinch voice comin' on..
Must be rehearsin for da all-day Party In The Park @ Coronation Park, Ormskirk, L39
See @ http://www.multimap.com
If I leave in @ 3 mins I should be there for 11am start >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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ANSWER:
Ok, message understood. Will do.
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